The role of the family in education

The role of the family in education The family is the most important primary group in society (C.N.Sharkar, 1990, p.392).. Every one is a member of family and has duties to make our self to become a person who have responsibility and value. Also, family has responsibility in teaching children as its contribution in a building human resource for society. Member of family has right to get the body prevent, take care, and human right from parents. Member of family need meal, clothes, home, education, health prevention, and safety. To complete this needs, the parents try to do anything to raise and complete all needs (MoEYS, 2009, p.186). The family also has function to provide formal and informal education to children or member of family. So function of family is very important to educate children to become human resource in society. Focusing on Cambodia, family has also been considered as an important agency in education. As already stated in the Education For All National Plan: 2003-2015 (EFA) stated that the sharing responsibility of parents, and local community people (MoEYS, 2004, p.4). In order to study this topic deeply, a literature review related parents function in educating children in Cambodia has been conducted in purpose to answer two main questions as following: What does MacIvers theory explain about family function in education? What does family function provide education to children in term of Cambodia social and cultural context? II- Literature review: The family as a social institution performs several functions. There are many scholars provide many functions of the family likes Kingley Davis has of four main function of the family: Reproduction, Maintenance, Placement , and socialization. Similarly, Ogburn and Nimkoff have mentioned six major functions of family: Affectional, Economic, Recreation, Protective, Religious and Educational ( C.N.Shankar, 1990, p.395). But I would like to interest in MacIvers theory, he has describe two function of the family: The primary function or Essential function and The secondary function or non essential function ( C.N.Shankar, 1990, pp.395-397). The primary function or essential function: There are six major functions in the primary function or essential function including firstly, Stable satisfaction of sex need refer to sex drive is powerful in human being and sex need make human try to do anything to develop their livelihood. Secondly, Reproduction relates the result of sexual satisfaction is reproduction. Reproduction is a function of family to reproduce a new birth for social. Thirdly, Production and Rearing of the child relevant the family provides the individual life and a chance to survive. We owe our life to the family. The child which is helpless at the time of birth is given the needed protection of the family. So family is a function par excellence for the production and rearing of children. The fourthly, Provision of home connect the family provides the home for its member. Home is a place that provides opportunity for member meeting to educate each other. Children are born and brought up in home only. Though, often children are born hospitals, clinics, m aternity homes, etc., they are nursed and nourished in the homes only. The fifthly, Family-An instrument of culture Transmission refer to the family transmits ideas and ideologies, folkways and more, customs and tradition, beliefs and values from one generation to the next. So children or members of family had to learn the field by parents. The sixthly, Status Ascribing function relate the family also performs a pair of functions status ascription for the individual, and societal identification for the individual people recognize us by our names and our name are given to us by our family. The secondary function of family or non-essential function: There are four major four functions in family, the firstly, Economic Functions: relevant to the previously member of family work together in farms for the production of goods. Member of family think about relationship to provide individual needs each other. They cooperate and help to correct, teach about process of economic. But now the situation has changed. The family member does not work together at home. They are engaged in different economic activities out side the home. The secondly, Educational functions relate the family provides the basic education to children. The member of family teaches children how to speck, how to organize, etc†¦ The member of family helps to develop children motor skill, intelligent etc. Today preschool has instead of family function. The thirdly, Religious function relate the family is a centre for the religious training of the children. The children learn from their parents various religious virtues. The family used to teach the children the rel igious values, moral precepts, way to worshipping God, etc. The fourthly, The Recreational Functions: connect with the recreation was largely family based. It fostered a close solidarity. Reading aloud, visiting relatives, family reunions, church socials, singing, dancing, playing indoor games, etc., brought together the entire family. Elders would organize their own recreation among themselves or together with other children. Both the primary function and Secondary function play a very important role in education, but secondary function seems to be more important function than primary function because it shapes children personality, help them able to communicate with others, and household financing supports that help to build childrens capacity.. Unlikely, primary function just focuses on sex needs, reproduction of generation, provide home or we can say primary needs that all family has lost. III- The Cambodia Context: Religious Education: All Cambodian are influenced by Buddhism. The function Buddhism is to educate and to assist in the society for people to become good. Buddhism educates people, family, women, and children to know the right way. What is right for the individual is right for society. As individuals you have to think about your feeling and that to obey parents and elders. You need to find the right way to educate the younger generation. (Janet,2006.p94).The family plays a very important role to education children. As we know, parents are key member in family, they educate children about daily activities like to educate children to respect older people, help parents to prepare food and flowers for monks, wearing appropriate clothes when children go to pagoda (Chantal, 2000, p.3). Support family education: Although Cambodia is a poor country, but parents have participated to support children both emotion and material. To relate the economy, they support both direct and indirect costs of schooling. Direct costs include those which are met by providers of schooling plus the additional costs which are met by parents for uniforms, books, transport and related items. Indirect costs include the opportunity costs of income forgone when children attend school rather than engaging in other activities. The indirect costs are a major burden for some parents, particularly the poorest, and can be a significant determinant of whether, or not a child attends school (Mark and Seng, 2005, p.1). To sum-up, most parents in Cambodia have participated to provide supporting, push their children in education sector. It show that function of family in Cambodia have responsibilities to provide education to children in formal school. Home-learning: Parents remain the childrens first and primary educators. It is in their family that children have their first learning experiences, explore and discover the world, and develop.(Claire,June 2009, p55) A young children needs to be supported by his or her family. It is there that the first learning experiences occur, and where social rules are acquired. Very soon, language is learned, the body is controlled, relationships develop and the child becomes an integrated member of the community (Claire, June 2009,p8).For example, when children enjoy with their mother during cooking, they ask many questions about new things they see then the mother gives answers. The questions and the responses of their mother help children to develop their intelligence. (Chantal,2004,74).Therefore, parents play very importance to educate children. IV- Conclusion: To sum-up there are two functions of family as primary function and secondary function in MacIvers theory. Although the primary function refer to stable satisfaction of sex need, reproduction or procreation, production and rearing of the child, provision of home, family-an instrument of culture, status ascribing function, and affectional function, but the secondary function is more important because it a function that help children to develop their capacities to access in primary school. Focusing on Cambodia, family also has three function to education children, like religious function, education function, and home-learning. The parents are key educator to provide health, nutrition, sanitation, safety, education, socialization and emotional life and seeking to stimulate all aspects of development as physical, intellectual, emotional, social to their children, because children early start to learn from their family.

Employment with a Criminal Background Essay -- Jobs Career

Employment with a Criminal Background Seeking employment is highly competitive, and it becomes more difficult when in poverty and with a criminal past. Many factors influence this complex situation. Hiring an exconvict does pose a risk to the employer, and negative stereotypes reinforce anxiety over this risk. A common belief is that a criminal background means a person can’t be trusted and that they might re-offend, and if the applicant re-offends the employer could be charged with negligent hiring. The theory that criminals commit crime for financial reasons suggests a linking between poverty and crime. Placing offenders in employment brings stability and serves to reduce the tendency to re-offend. There are training programs in and out of prison that have been designed to help ex-cons develop job skills; however success of these programs is still debatable. There are also horror stories of what some ex-cons have done in places of employment, including harm other employees. Thus it is understandable for employers to not want to be exposed to a risk but this does not help those in poverty with criminal records. The challenges ex-cons face trying to find employment as well as the options available to them will be further explored. There can be various factors that affect how an ex-con applicant is viewed and treated. Employers may look at the seriousness of the offense. For instance, people will more likely be hired after property offenses than after violent crime and murder (Albright and Furjen ). In a study measuring employer’s attitudes towards ex-con applicants, it was found the type of offense can play a big role in being hired. â€Å"Employers in this study also indicated that the more information they recei... ...-30. Jones, Mark and Barbara Sims. â€Å"Recidivism of offenders released from prison in North Carolina: a gender comparison.† Prison Journal 77.3 (Sept 1997): 335-49. Petersilia, Joan. When Prisoners Come Home. New York: Oxford, 2003. Saxonhouse, Elena. â€Å"Equal protection: comparing former felons' challenges to disenfranchisement and employment discrimination.† Stanford Law Review 56 (May 2004): 1597-1640). Tatge, Mark. â€Å"With Unemployment Low, Employers Turn to Ex-Cons to Fill Open.† Wall Street Journal 24 April 2000. 10 May 2005 . Turner, Susan and Joan Petersilia. â€Å"Work release in Washington: effects on recidivism and corrections costs.† Prison Journal 76.2 (June 1996): 138-65. Weygandt, Scott. â€Å"Focusing on employment: NIC's career center project.† Corrections Today 65.5 (August 2003): 112-15. Employment with a Criminal Background Essay -- Jobs Career Employment with a Criminal Background Seeking employment is highly competitive, and it becomes more difficult when in poverty and with a criminal past. Many factors influence this complex situation. Hiring an exconvict does pose a risk to the employer, and negative stereotypes reinforce anxiety over this risk. A common belief is that a criminal background means a person can’t be trusted and that they might re-offend, and if the applicant re-offends the employer could be charged with negligent hiring. The theory that criminals commit crime for financial reasons suggests a linking between poverty and crime. Placing offenders in employment brings stability and serves to reduce the tendency to re-offend. There are training programs in and out of prison that have been designed to help ex-cons develop job skills; however success of these programs is still debatable. There are also horror stories of what some ex-cons have done in places of employment, including harm other employees. Thus it is understandable for employers to not want to be exposed to a risk but this does not help those in poverty with criminal records. The challenges ex-cons face trying to find employment as well as the options available to them will be further explored. There can be various factors that affect how an ex-con applicant is viewed and treated. Employers may look at the seriousness of the offense. For instance, people will more likely be hired after property offenses than after violent crime and murder (Albright and Furjen ). In a study measuring employer’s attitudes towards ex-con applicants, it was found the type of offense can play a big role in being hired. â€Å"Employers in this study also indicated that the more information they recei... ...-30. Jones, Mark and Barbara Sims. â€Å"Recidivism of offenders released from prison in North Carolina: a gender comparison.† Prison Journal 77.3 (Sept 1997): 335-49. Petersilia, Joan. When Prisoners Come Home. New York: Oxford, 2003. Saxonhouse, Elena. â€Å"Equal protection: comparing former felons' challenges to disenfranchisement and employment discrimination.† Stanford Law Review 56 (May 2004): 1597-1640). Tatge, Mark. â€Å"With Unemployment Low, Employers Turn to Ex-Cons to Fill Open.† Wall Street Journal 24 April 2000. 10 May 2005 . Turner, Susan and Joan Petersilia. â€Å"Work release in Washington: effects on recidivism and corrections costs.† Prison Journal 76.2 (June 1996): 138-65. Weygandt, Scott. â€Å"Focusing on employment: NIC's career center project.† Corrections Today 65.5 (August 2003): 112-15.

Environment Protection Essay

Environment protection is the responsibility of the government. Individual efforts do not count. To what extent do you agree with the above statement? Nowadays, increasing a number of people concern about environment protection. However, whether the responsibility of protecting our environment is supposed to be taken by governments has become a controversial issue. I am going to discuss this topic and present my viewpoint. First of all, governments should educate resident’s awareness of the environmental pollution issues and make every effort to keep our city clean and safe. For example, people should sort rubbish for recycling daily and when they go shopping use green bags instead of plastic bags because this will reduce plastic waste and protect our land and trees. Also, government should encourage people reducing their dependence on private cars and using public transports and riding bicycles more often. By doing so, this will not only decrease the emission of carbon dioxide from cars and will but also reduce traffic jams and accidents on the road and decrease air pollution. Secondly, governments should take action to inspect pollution control measures in factories such as the discharge of waste water or gas is legally or not. If factories do not follow legal requirement, governments should give them penalty and impose severe fine immediately. Moreover, governments should encourage enterprises to create energy saving equipment such as solar energy and hydraulic power system. To sum up, creating a clean and ideal earth should depend on us making effort on it. The responsibility of environmental protect should be shared between individual and governments. We cannot put all responsibility for protecting the environment on to governments. If everyone can change their habits, the day when people live in a both materially and ecologically balanced environment is not far.

Doing Gender essays

Doing Gender essays "...everyone "does gender without thinking about it" (Judith Lorber, "Paradoxes of Gender, p.13). When I was young I did not think about my gender role. I did not think about the day to day events in my life that effected my gender. When I look back I can find so many instances of gender in my life. So, I am taking one of the smallest instances because of the many ways it relates to not only gender building, but maintaining. As a child I remember very cold winters in Omaha. My sister and I loved to play outside in the snow. So, my parents bought us matching snowsuits. They were pink with lavender trim. My friend, Charlie, who lived up the street, had a snowsuit too. His was black and red with a logo of a racecar on the back. As a child I never thought of the implications of my snowsuit. It was functional and I suppose I thought the color pink was pretty at the time. My room was pink, my bike was pink, and Barbies corvette was pink. Why should it be any other way? As I look back at the photographs of the three of us playing as children I see what implications the pink snowsuit had on my gender. Not only that but how we played together. All of us had hoods on our snowsuits to cover our ears. With out the difference in the pink and black snowsuits you may have not been able to tell who the boy was and who the two girls were. My long blonde hair was pulled back under the hood and all of us had childlike chubby faces with big smiles. Charlie was always building big, macho, snow forts and my sister and I were making snow angels. The snow angels were pretty and soft, like the pink snowsuits. The snow fort was supposed to be tough, a boy thing. We could all play together, but even by age four, Charlie knew that making snow angels were not a tough thing to do so he refused. He was going to make the fort to protect my sister and I. He was going to build something better and bigger. According to Lorber, soc...

Family and Divorce essays

Family and Divorce essays Research has shown a rising divorce rate and reasons as to why this may be the case. Some of these reasons are womens independence, economic issues, infidelity, and finally role confusion. Divorce has negative effects on children especially in areas such as school work, behavior, social and cognitive development. Children are not affected the same. Boys and girls as well as the age of the child when the divorce occurs are factors that can determine how a child may be affected. Because divorce often leads to single parent homes, children must learn to adjust living with one parent. Overall, children are negatively affected before, during, and after the divorce. In recent decades everything from technology to the economy has changed drastically. Social changes include rising divorce rates and the emergence of new family configurations. According to Meyerhoff (n.d.), a doctor of education, Families offer companionship, security, and a measure of protection against an often uncaring world (section 1, para.1).When a family changes and is split up by divorce, this uncaring world becomes more evident. Divorce can be controversial as it defies the myth of the family. The myth of the family is understood that a man and woman wed their love to each other in holy matrimony and then proceed to have children. It is then when the family is understood to have been formed. When the marriage terminates, changes in the family structure take place. As the divorce rate rises, changes in family configurations negatively affect the children mentally, socially, and emotionally. Statistics show (Meyerhoff, n.d) that 50% of first time marriages end in divorce while 60% of second marriages end in divorce (section 1, para.1). In past generations, the divorce rate was not as high as it is today, and there are a few reasons this has become the case. Some of the main reasons for divorce are: womens increasing i...

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Death penalty - Essay Example The turmoil experienced in prison makes the place a hellhole and is good enough to serve as punishment for the law breakers. The only life giver-and-taker is believed to be God in terms of religion. Anyone who takes away life therefore, including the owner, serves as a sinner as per the Decalogue. Involving death as a form of punishment therefore is not even close to the right way of correcting. Across all states, there ought to be revisions in case any has adopted capital punishment for criminals. They need to revisit how valuable life is, how irreplaceable it is, and how holy it is believed to be. Never can one be rectified by killing them. It is of no good to them when they are already dead (Should Death Penalty allowed, n.d). My view is in contradiction with the death penalty as it offers governments rights to kill. One of the human rights is the right to enjoy the gift of life. Under no circumstances therefore should an individual be denied the privilege to live. If it is correction for moral uprightness, it cannot be done by subjecting the individual to death. A dead person does not suffer any consequences. It does not make sense when the state tries to do away with a problem by acting more of the same problem. It would be more logical if these murderers and other law breakers are allowed to live as changed souls that will influence change in other citizens with the same intentions. Let the state induce a better way of rectifying the character then allow them to influence change to society. Cases have been witnessed of the worst law breakers turning a new leaf only to become the best preachers. Their testimonies end up to be the best weapons in reaching out to the unnoticed criminals and drawing them t owards becoming best vessels of honor. Even the government itself cannot make the impact towards change of character that one redeemed criminal could make if given the chance.

Personnel Guidance in Research and Development Essay

Personnel Guidance in Research and Development - Essay Example A research involving a creation of a new technology may be termed as a high level research. A highly critical issue usually involves a team and each team member contributes in his way towards the research. Research involves discovery of a truth and therefore it should taken seriously and with immediate attention. It does not involve only the searching; rather it is one's effort to find the truth using a series of trials involving various aspect of the issue. A research must be taken with a positive frame of mind and should never be a matter of fun. Before one is ready for research, he must have an objective and should be fully focused on it (Gredler and Shields, 2008). A research involves deep and thorough knowledge of the subject and therefore, the researcher must be aware of the various factors that can affect the scope of the research. A researcher must always start by finding a person who has a deeper knowledge of the subject and with whom he can discuss the various outcomes and the possibilities and the scope of the research. Generally, this person should be much higher in experience and knowledge than the researcher. This person can then be termed as a Research Guide. Performing a research under a guide boosts up the confidence of the researcher and provides a better way to proceed in the work. 2) A Research Plan The researcher must have a plan in order to proceed with the research. One must completely have theoretical as well as a practical approach for the subject. The availability of a research lab helps in attaining better results. It also provides the practical approach where in a real time issues can be simulated. These simulations provide a clear picture of the subject. This helps in better judgement of the subject and therefore a practical approach to deal with it. 3) Finance Another big constraint involving a research can be finances. Sometimes, research may involve high finances. Like a research in the field of automobile engine and emissions may involve a multiple changes in design of the component. Thus manufacturing a new component such as an engine part, with course of the research, involves a lot of resources which will prove costly. Therefore, a researcher must look for funding options if available. To get funding for a research, one must put together all the authentic and genuine facts for the research that must convince the funding authority. Available funds can prove very crucial as these when utilised in an efficient manner can several times get the researcher the best he wants. The researcher then has full freedom to take care of the aspects which he might overlook due to lack of resources. 4) Available facts and figures Another area that needs to be taken care of is the updates that are connected to the field of your research. One